The Interference of Propaganda and Rumor in the Formation of Social Awareness: An Analytical Study in the Light of the Incident of Release

This study examines the intricate relationship between propaganda and rumor in shaping collective consciousness within Islamic societies, using the historical case of the "Incident ofAl-Ifk" as a focal point. The research explores definitions, mechanisms, and forms of both propaganda and rumor, emphasizing their psychological and social dimensions. Through qualitative analysis of classical and contemporary sources, the study highlights how rumors can be amplified by systematic propaganda, leading to profound impacts on social cohesion and ethical values. Furthermore, the paper discusses the societal responses to such phenomena, drawing lessons for modern societies faced with the proliferation of misinformation, especially in the digital age. Recommendations are proposed to mitigate the spread of harmful rumors and malicious propaganda, emphasizing the roles of media literacy, ethical leadership, and legislative frameworks.