Real-Time Dashboarding for EV Battery Supply Chains Using Blockchain: Advancing Circular Insights Through Effective Sustainability Metrics Communication

Abstract

The global automotive industry is undergoing a paradigm shift toward electrification, driven by the imperative to decarbonize transportation. However, this transition introduces a critical secondary challenge: the sustainable end-of-life (EoL) management of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs). In emerging economies like India, the challenge is compounded by a highly fragmented supply chain dominated by informal actors, leading to significant material leakage, environmental toxicity, and regulatory non-compliance. Despite the introduction of the Battery Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2024, which mandate rigorous Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) targets, the ecosystem lacks the technological infrastructure to verify compliance. This study adopts a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology to design, build, and evaluate the "EV Battery GPT Label"—a blockchain-enabled digital twin framework. The proposed artifact integrates Hyperledger Fabric for immutable event logging, GS1-compliant metadata for global interoperability, and a gamified mobile interface for informal aggregators. Empirical validation via a stochastic discrete-event simulation (N=1,000) demonstrates that the framework reduces traceability verification latency from a mean of 24.2 hours to 0.005 hours (18 seconds) and reduces compliance costs by 99% ($0.02/unit) using Layer-2 smart contracts. Furthermore, the system improves data integrity from ~84% to 99.9%, offering a robust solution to the "Traceability-Compliance Gap." This research contributes to the literature on Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) by demonstrating the efficacy of trust-free architectures in hybrid formal-informal markets.