Reimagining Human Resource Management in the Digital Era: An Empirical Study from India’s National Capital Region

The transformation of Human Resource Management (HRM) through digital technologies has become a strategic priority for organizations worldwide. This paper investigates the impact of digital transformation in HR practices in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India, including Delhi, Gurugram, Noida, Faridabad, and Ghaziabad. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study surveys 400 HR professionals across various sectors (IT, manufacturing, consulting, education, and hospitality) to understand the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Robotic Process Automation (RPA), and cloud platforms in HR functions like recruitment, performance management, employee engagement, and remote work. The research is grounded in the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV), and Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence model. While the results show that AI and digital tools have enhanced operational efficiency and flexibility, the study finds minimal correlation between AI-driven recruitment technologies and employee morale. However, chi-square analysis reveals a significant link between technology adoption and flexible HR policies, particularly post-COVID. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for organizations to integrate HR digital tools effectively while addressing employee engagement, digital literacy gaps, and ethical concerns. The findings contribute to the growing body of literature on HRM digitalization in developing economies.