Preliminary study on Emerging Technologies in Assessment and Evaluation Methods in Higher Education in India

Emerging technologies are changing the face of Indian education by bringing to the fore innovative tools and techniques that enhance the teaching-learning process. Technologies such as AI allow the adaptation of the educational content to the needs of individual students, thus engaging them better and helping in better understanding. Immersive solutions offered by VR and AR help in the exploration of complex subjects, enriching knowledge acquisition. Secure and transparent academic credential verification due to blockchain technology helps create a better and sound reputation for qualifications. However, the adoption of these technologies within Indian education faces challenges related to unequal access to digital resources, insufficient teacher training, and concerns over data security and privacy.

This article makes a comprehensive review of the emerging technologies, including AI, IoT, blockchain, and AR/VR, concerning their potential to revolutionize assessment and evaluation methods in India. It explores their role in facilitating adaptive learning, real-time feedback, and secure credentialing, while highlighting support from government initiatives such as Digital India and the NEP 2020. The contributions from this study include identifying the key challenges, such as the digital divide, lack of readiness among teachers, and data security risks, and proposing actionable solutions through review of literature. Such solutions include investments in digital infrastructure, professional development for educators, and central frameworks. By overcoming these issues, this article is trying through framework to bridge the gap between the traditional and technology-driven approach, thus paving the way for a more inclusive and effective educational system in India.