CYBERSECURITY LAWS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: GAPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Abstract

In a time of swift digital change, cybersecurity has become a major worry for people, companies, and governments alike. Cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence have all changed data-driven businesses, but they have also revealed structural flaws in the legal frameworks that are now in place. This research investigates the adequacy of current cybersecurity laws across major jurisdictions, identifying key regulatory gaps in scope, enforcement, and cross-border cooperation. Through a comparative legal analysis and review of case studies involving recent cyber incidents, the paper highlights shortcomings such as outdated definitions, limited jurisdictional clarity, weak enforcement capabilities, and insufficient protection for emerging data types.