Flying into the Future: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Nano-Drone Adoption in India and The Netherlands

This study investigates the adoption of nano-drone technology in precision agriculture, specifically examining farmers in India and the Netherlands. Nano-drones, equipped with AI-integrated sensors and high-resolution cameras, offer substantial potential for enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability. They facilitate applications such as early pest detection and precise resource management, thus reducing environmental impact through the efficient use of pesticides and water. However, adoption rates are influenced by a complex interplay of socio-economic, cultural, and regulatory factors, as well as technological readiness, which vary across regions. A mixed-methods approach was utilised, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection with social media analysis. Semi-structured interviews with 40 farmers, alongside expert consultations, provided insights into farmers' attitudes, experiences, and expectations. A survey of 100 farmers (50 from each country) was conducted to assess awareness, adoption rates, perceived benefits, and barriers. The findings revealed that Dutch farmers exhibited greater awareness and adoption of nano-drone technology, with 40% demonstrating high awareness, compared to 30% of Indian farmers. Adoption rates were also higher in the Netherlands, where 30% of farmers had witnessed nano-drones in use, compared to 12% in India. Barriers to adoption were more pronounced in India, where 70% of farmers cited cost as a major obstacle, compared to 50% in the Netherlands. Both groups acknowledged the potential environmental benefits, with 60% of Indian farmers and 55% of Dutch farmers identifying sustainability as a primary motivator. The study underscores the need for tailored policies, financial support, and region-specific training to foster broader adoption of nano-drones in precision agriculture.