The Role and Evolution of Conservation Agriculture: Strengthening Sustainable Farming Practices

Abstract

This study examines the origins and principles of Conservation Agriculture in relation to sustainable agriculture. Conservation Agriculture is based on three core principles: minimal soil disturbance, maintaining continuous soil cover, and implementing diverse crop rotations. These approaches have arisen as a response to the environmental degradation attributed to traditional agricultural practices in the context of climate change. This study emphasises the benefits of conservation agriculture, such as improved soil health, enhanced water retention, and increased biodiversity, through a review of historical context and a comparison with conventional agricultural practices. This study investigates the implementation of Conservation Agriculture within global and Indian context, emphasising its capacity to markedly enhance the production of agriculture in India, especially in the rice-wheat zones of Punjab and Haryana. The analysis of challenges, technological barriers, socio-economic constraints, and policy imperfections indicates that tackling these issues is essential for the wider implementation of conservation agriculture. The examination of governmental initiatives alongside technological advancements, coupled with a growing focus on climate-smart agricultural practices, suggests a favourable direction for Conservation Agriculture in India.