Migration Patterns and Social Integration: A Longitudinal Analysis of South Indian Labor Migration to the Gulf

Abstract

This study examines the migration patterns and social integration of South Indian labor migrants in the Gulf, focusing on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Utilizing a longitudinal qualitative research design, the study tracked 300 South Indian migrants over five years (2018-2023) to explore the evolving nature of social integration and its impact on migrants' well-being. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted annually in the native languages of the participants. The findings indicate progressive improvements in key indicators of social integration, including community engagement, cultural adaptation, access to social support networks, and satisfaction with life in the UAE, alongside a decline in perceived discrimination. The study highlights the importance of social support networks, language skills, and cultural adaptation in facilitating integration. It also underscores the critical role of integration policies that address both economic and social aspects of migrant well-being. By addressing a significant gap in the literature, this research provides valuable insights into the long-term integration trajectories of South Indian migrants in the Gulf, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers to foster more inclusive and supportive environments for migrant communities. The findings emphasize the need for sustained investment in integration efforts, recognizing that successful integration is a dynamic and ongoing process.